Affirmative & Negative Agreement, Negation, Commands
AFFIRMATIVE
AGREEMENT (so. too. and also)
Sebenarnya kata so, too,
dan also mempunyai arti yang sama yaitu juga, pula, pun. Tapi dalam
penggunaannya terdapat perbedaan, so digunakan sebelum tobe(s)
dan auxilliaries (kata bantu).
Example:
1. My wife
will talk to him and so will I
2. My wife
has talked about it, and so have I
3. My wife
talked about it, and so did I
4. My wife
is talking about it, and so am I
Sedangkan too dan also digunakan
setelah tobe(s) dan auxiliaries
Example:
1. My wife
will talk to him and I will too
2. My wife
has talked about it, and I have too
3. My wife
talked about it, and I did also
4. My wife
is talking about it, and I am also
NEGATIVE
AGREEMENT (neither and either)
Hampir sama dengan penjelasan affirmative
agreement di atas, neither dan either memiliki arti yang sama yaitu: tidak
keduanya, atau kedua-duanya tidak. Untuk neither digunakan sebelum
auxilliary verb, for example:
1. My roommate
won't go, and neither will I
2. My roommate
hasn't gone, and neither have I
3. My roommate
doesn't go, and neither do I
4. My roommate
isn't going, and neither am I
Dan untuk either digunakan setelah
auxilliary verb dan kata "not", for example:
1. My
roommate won't go, and I won't(will not) either
2. My
roommate hasn't gone, and I haven't either
3. My
roommate doesn't go, and I don't either
4. My
roommate isn't going, and I am not either
Hal lain yang harus diperhatikan yaitu untuk
pemakaian tobe dan auxilliaries setelah kata "..and.." harus
sesuai dengan tobe dan auxilliaries yang digunakan di awal kalimat, seperti :
1. My
wife is talking about it, and so am I
2. My
wife has talked about it, and I have too
3. My
roommate won't go, and neither will I
4. My
roommate doesn't go, and I don't either
Negation
: Neither, Either, Hardly,
Barely, Rarely, Seldom, etc
NEGATION
Negation adalah bentuk pernyataan negatif.
Walaupun hal ini tidak begitu asing, namun di bawah ini akan kami jelaskan
bentuk-bentuk negation, atau bentuk-bentuk bagaimana membentuk suatu pernyataan
negative.
1. Dengan
Kata Kerja (VERB)
a. With
a simple form:
Subject + (The negative of the auxiliary DO
(or MODALS)) + simple form.
Examples:
- I don't know
- We didn't see (Not I
didn't saw)
- He couldn't stay
b. With a
past participle:
Subject + (The negative of the
auxiliaries BE or HAVE) + past participle.
Examples:
- They haven't seen
- She wasn't driving
- You hadn't forgotten
2. Dengan
Kata Benda (NOUN)
Jangan gunakan 2 kali Negation dalam 1 kalimat
yang sama.
Contoh:
I do not see no evidence. (SALAH)
a. Positive sentences:
No+ noun
Examples:
- I see no evidence
- No one is concerned
b. Negative
sentences:
Examples:
- I do not see any evidence
- They are not concerned
Either and neither function in simple
statement much like “so” and “”too” in affirmative sentences. However, either
and neither are used to indicate negative agreement. The same rules for
auxilaries, be and do, does or did apply.
Contoh
Kalimat lainnya:
1. The manager isn’t too happy with the
project, and neither is his assistant.
2. We can’t study in the library,
and he can’t either.
3. You didn’t pay the taxes, and
they didn’t either.
4. My Brother won’t accept my
father’s decision, and my sister won’t either.
5. He doesn’t know the answer, and
neither does she.
Negative statement + and + [ S + negative auxiliary or be + either]
Negative statement + and + [ neither +
positive auxiliary or be + S ]
Examples:
I didn’t see Bella this morning. Edward didn’t
see Bella this morning
I didn’t see Bella this morning and Edward
didn’t either.
I didn’t see Bella this morning and neither
did Edward.
Additional
examples:
1. The children shouldn’t take that medicine,
and neither should she.
2. We don’t plan to attend the concert, and
neither do they.
3. I don’t like tennis, and he doesn’t either.
4. She didn’t see anyone she knew, and neither
did Tim.
5. The Yankees couldn’t play due to the bad
weather, and neither could the Angels.
6. Mary can’t type well, and her sister can’t
either.
7. I’m not interested in reading that book,
and neither is she.
8. They won’t have to work on weekends, and we
won’t either.
9. I can’t stand listening to that music, and
she can’t either.
10. Michael doesn’t speak English, and his
family doesn’t either.
Commands
: Negative commands,
Negative Indirect Commands
COMMANDS (Kalimat Perintah)
Dalam bahasa inggris, kalimat perintah
(Commands), selalu dimulai dengan kata kerja yang berbentuk“Infinitive – tanpa
to” jika tidak ada kata kerja, kiat menggunakan “Be + Adjectives”
Contoh
:
1. Open
your book!
2. Clean
the blackboard!
3. Show me
your book!
4. Light a
candle!
5. Be
careful!
NEGATIVE COMMANDS (Kalimat Larangan)
Kalimat larangan (Negative Commands) dimulai
dengan ” Don’t + Infinitive – tanpa – to “ jika tidak ada kata kerja,
kita menggunakan “ Don’t be + Adjectives “
Contoh :
1. Don’t
make noise!
2. Don’t
read this letter!
3. Don’t
lock the door!
4. Don’t be
naughty!
Sumber : http://hello-naufal.blogspot.co.id/2016/06/10-affirmative-negative-agreement.html
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